Anomie and General Strain Theories of Crime Essay

Anomie/Strain Theory Historical Background The theoretical framework of strain theory can be credited to sociologist Emile Durkheim. Durkheim research on formed a platform for other sociologist to further develop strain theories of crime. One of which is Robert Merton. One of Durkheim’s major works that opened the door to further research on strain theories was his book, Suicide. In this book Durkheim sough to understand the why led to one’s own self-destruction. Emile Durkheim studied suicide rates and its association with crisis. Durkheim noticed trends in suicide rates that were associated with economic prosperity and economic crisis. â€Å"According to Durkheim, the state of normlessness that people find themselves in as a result of a†¦show more content†¦The difference in Durkheim and Merton’s model of the theory is Durkheim’s model puts emphasis on the failure to regulate the goals and Merton’s model puts emphasis on the failure to regulate the means. In Merton’s version of the anomie/strain theory he pointed out five adaptations to strain: conformity, innovation, rebellion, ritualism, and retreatism. Conformity means that one accepts both the goal and the means. They may try to attain the goals with limited means. This adaptation is most common in society. Innovation means that one accepts the goals but rejects the means. This individual has a â€Å"by any means necessary† attitude when it comes to the attainment of goals. Rebellion means that one rejects both the means and the goals. They may substitution those goals and means with their own goals and means. Ritualism means that one rejects the goals and responds to the means in a slavish and conforming attitude. Retreatism means one rejects both the goals and means, but they do not replace with their own goals and mean. Instead, they will drop out of society and into things such as alcoholism, drug addiction, and homelessness. This adaptation is the least common i n society. Merton’s anomie/strain theory was a very popular explanation for crime and deviance during the 1950’s and 1960’s. (Paternoster, Bachman 2001) Its popularity began to diminish in the late 1960’s due to the theories lack of empirical evidence. The theory didShow MoreRelatedDurkheim s Theory Of Social Bonds1339 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished many sociological theories throughout his time that still are relevant today and have been studied by many sociologists during his time and now currently. One of the more popular theories that has been altered slightly but still used today is Durkheim’s Anomie Theory. The Anomie Theory has been studied by many other famous sociologists such as Robert King Merton and Robert Agnew. It eventually branched into what is now known as the Strain Theory. Currently, these theories are being changed andRead MoreTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behaviorRead MoreDifferential Opportunity Theory Of Deviant Behavior1334 Words   |  6 PagesDifferential Opportunity Theory Sociologists have created many theories to explain deviant behavior, how we learn it, and why we do it. The theory of anomie, differential opportunity, and general strain will be discussed throughout this paper to explain how a person is led to deviant behavior. Deviant behavior can be learned through many aspects of life however, there are many theories explain how this occurs. The anomie theory refers to the lack of normal ethical or social standards however; DurkhiemRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Crime Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesexplanations of crimes with links to Durkheim’s anomie theory, Merton’s strain theory and the Labelling theory which will draw upon different academics that will highlight these specific areas of research. In sociological terms, crime is a social concept as it does not exist as an autonomous entity, but it is socially constructed by people. It can be analysed that sociological explanations of crime attribute deviance to various asp ects of the social environment. For example, crime is strongly relatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Criminal Behavior Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesour minds. These questions then encourage us, naturally, to search for the answers. This is true in the area of crime and criminal behavior as well. Criminological theory attempts to describe why and how crime transpires by studying the countless social factors that influence someone to commit crimes. These theories are then supposed to explain both the understandings and roots of crime. Abstract outlooks offer an image of what something is and the best way of addressing that particular subject. InRead MoreWhat is Strain Theory?1306 Words   |  5 PagesStrain theory is a criminological theory positing that a gap between culturally approved goals and legitimate means of achieving them cause’s frustration that leads to criminal behavior. Strain (structural strain) refers generally to the processes by which inadequate regulati on at the societal level filters down to how individual perceives his or her needs. Strain (individual strain) refers to the frictions and pains experienced by the individuals as they look for ways to meet their needs (the motivationalRead MoreThe Causes Of Deviant Behavior, Psychological Approach And Sociological Approach1676 Words   |  7 Pages there are many different theories to explain the causes of deviant behaviour, including biological approach, psychological approach and sociological approach. This essay will be using two criminological perspectives which are the biological and sociological explanations to analyse the causes of crime in depth, and evaluate the two perspectives and the related criminological evidence. Sociology encompasses a very wide range of theoretical perspectives, especially crime and deviance, in which sociologicalRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effect On Human Behavior990 Words   |  4 Pagesof his theory. Noxious events avoidance impacts the ability to maintain or come up with relationships, resulting in alternative reactions. An adverse environment perception will result in emotions that are strongly negative that motivate a person to engage in crime. Being involved in crime is sporadic according to Agnew, and the criminals would desist were it not for the persistent negative effect and events. General strain theory is mainly concerned with the strain types and not the strain sourcesRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And The Contingency Theory Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesThis theory analysis paper will be discussing The General Strain Theory and The Contingency Theory. This paper will provide the reader with a brief summary of each theory so that terms and examples will be understood by all. In this paper there will be issues that can correlate with each theory. I will also input my personal opinions on what I believe are the strengths and weaknesses of each theory in detail. Strain theory was derived from the work of Émile Durkheim and Robert Merton and taken fromRead MoreThe Differential Opportunity Systems Theory1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe differential opportunity systems theory mainly emphasizes on the intervening variables accounting for the specific form that deviance and crime can take. Earlier, Cloward demonstrated the way blocked illegitimate access, and opportunities would be a logical Mertonian strain theory extension. An illegitimate opportunity is regarded as being more than the chance to get away with a deviant or criminal act. It entails expressing and learning the beliefs necessary to support subculture. Such beliefs

How America Should Be Governed By Thomas Paine, George...

Throughout the Late 18th century America was becoming their own independent nation. The new independent nation needed to set up a government to rule them. There were several discussions on how America would be governed. Many people had different ideas for America and yet some were similar. Thomas Paine, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson all wrote their ideas on how America should set up their government. Some of these ideas were not used while some are still used today. Thomas Paine states his ideas for the government in his Common Sense written in 1776. Paine states that America should not have a king. The first king might be great but then ruling by divine right usually ends up with the people having terrible kings. Once a monarch is put into place it becomes extremely hard to remove. Today in America we still do not have kings which is very good for America. The democracy system that we have in place gives Americans many rights and overall good country to live in unlike 3rd world countries. Paine brings up the point that most subjects under a king do not revolt do to fear and superstition. This made me wonder why they would fear. The subjects would outnumber the royalty and their guards if they would all stand together. Paine stated that we should break all connection with Britain and only be trading partners instead of allies. This did not come true. America to this day is allies with Britain. Paine also states that anytimeShow MoreRelatedRevisiting, Revising, and Reviving Americas Founding Era6252 Words   |  26 Pagesnew taxes that prompted her American colonists to resist, and then to reject, imperial rule. Having declared independence and defeated the British, American patriots then drafted the constitution that remains the law of the land to this day. With George Washingtons inauguration as president in 1789, the story has a happy ending and the curtain comes down. This time-honored script renders the road fro m colonies to nation clear, smooth, and straight, with familiar landmarks along the way, from BostonsRead MoreWhat Is an American2973 Words   |  12 Pagesaspirants such as: Thomas Jefferson, William Bradford, Crevecoeur, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Through the tendentious journalistic accounts as directed by the edification of these credited writers, the identity of these writers can clearly be depicted through their doctrine. In â€Å"Notes on the State of Virginia†, the ideas that Thomas Jefferson expressed primarily explains that man is born free and that he chooses to give up some rights to join into a governed society. One of Thomas Jefferson’s infamousRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesthis textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain

Essay About Multitasking Free Essays

Multitasking – â€Å"the ability to do several different things at once† Nowadays, people prefer to divide people in two groups; people who masters to multitask, and those who can’t. Almost everyone place themselves in the former group, thereafter they put the rest of the people in the latter. But of course most people are lying. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay About Multitasking or any similar topic only for you Order Now I personally take advantage of multitasking daily to a certain extent, yes, practically all the time – in a certain level. And my perception of multitasking is the same as http://www. google. no/ ‘s perception on what multitasking is; it’s simply to have the ability to do several different things at once. But something that should be mentioned here is that no one can really multitask. It’s when we think we’re multitasking; we’re only jumping from one thing to another. This way of doing things is addictive and can of course eventually cause us difficulties among our ability to concentrate. With other word; it is physically impossible for a human to do two things at the same time. Then, I don’t mean that it is completely impossible to do two things at the same time; such as talking while walking, or smiling while dancing. No, I mean that it is impossible to multitask – to do two things at the same time – as long as the two things that should be done at the same time, requires a lot of concentration and attention to be done correct. I guess you yourself are able to distinguish between which tasks that requires a lot of concentration, and which requires less. Whether you’re driving a car while talking on the phone, or if you write e-mails during meetings, it is not true that you do both at once – it’s impossible. Unlike the other examples I’ve already mentioned. What you actually do when you’re doing the concentration demanding-tasks is to focus on the first one and then the other, a so-called â€Å"switch-tasking†. Because if you’re doing two concentration demanding things at once , of course your concentration is divided between to tasks at the same time – therefore the result of your actions won’t be as good as they could’ve been – if the tasks were done separately and thoroughly. It’s been proven time after time over the last years: multitasking is something only computers can do. What we humans do, when we think that we’re â€Å"multitasking†, is to jump from doing one thing to another, as mentioned earlier. But let us not forget that there’s one more group; those who need to multitask. I’d most probably put myself in that group – the group of people who can’t concentrate and focus on one specific thing unless she or he is doing at least one more thing at the exact same time. Now, you may call it ADHD, while I would rather call it being efficient. Of course there’s possible to listen to music while you’re doing your homework – to exclude the other actions around you, and to increase your concentration, like I personally do. But also here, the perceptions are different. Some people find hearing music while doing homework as disturbing. I think that the perception and the results of multitasking are different from person to person, depending on whom the person concerned is and what tasks there is to be done. A day should absolutely have more hours so all tasks on the to-do-list could’ve been done! But that isn’t something we can change†¦ so I think that the only thing we can do is to make the best out of it and remember to relax now and then. Sources: http://m. theglobeandmail. com/report-on-business/careers/careers-leadership/the-lunch/eileen-mercier-its-all-about-multitasking/article2021801/? service=mobile http://www. klikk. no/kvinneguiden/helse/article761396. ece http://www. universityessays. com/example-essays/business/the-ethics-of-multitasking. php http://www. webopedia. com/TERM/M/multitasking. html http://www. tinbergen. nl/discussionpapers/11044. pdf How to cite Essay About Multitasking, Essay examples

Impacts of Gaming and Social Networking Decrease Violence Amongst Tee

Question: Discuss about theImpacts of Gaming and Social Networkingfor Decrease Violence Amongst Teenagers. Answer: Background and Overview Social media has changed the way of communication across the globe. Social networking sites have evolved the communication way so that information can be shared properly over the internet. It not only connects the people with the world but also shares a platform where each can put their opinions without doing any harm to other people (Ferguson and Colwell 2016). As the teenagers are more involved in these platforms, a number of violent crimes also decreased. On the other hand, with increasing sales of video games, violence amongst teens tends to drop. It is stated that, playing violent video games or spending more time on the social networking platform increase aggressing behavior amongst the teenagers. Through this research proposal, the researcher tries to highlight a major fact that there is no such evidence which indicates that gaming and social networking increases violence amongst teenagers. Instead of it, it is identified that these platforms encourage the teenagers more to not to get involved in any crimes or violence. Research Objective The research objectives are as follows To identify the extent through which gaming and social networking have positive influence over teen violent behavior To explore the behavioral changes of teenage people due to gaming and social networking To recommend the way through which gaming and social networking can further reduce the teen violent behavior Conceptual Foundation of the Topic Impacts of Gaming on Teenagers According to Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014), prosocial video games can enhance the lives of adolescents and children with mental growth. Video games not only increase the spatial, visual and cognitive abilities of the teenagers but also decrease depression and frustration amongst the teenagers. Now a day, teenagers mostly spent their times by playing video games such as Super Mario, Contra, tick tack toe and many others. Wang et al. (2015) opined that, in the teenage years, youth are become violent and aggressive towards small things. But from the research, it is identified that engagement in video games distract teenagers' mind which stops them to do any unethical behaviors. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) Impacts of Social Networking Sites on Teenagers Ferguson and Colwell (2016) acknowledged that social media poses benefits for teenagers health, mind and development. This has significant impacts on reducing violent crimes form the teenage world. Granic, Lobel and Engels (2014) opined that social networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and many others highlights drastic events on the society. Promotions of these events on social media platforms allow the people to share their opinions verbally. Teenagers can also show their aggressiveness over these platforms by sharing their views, but this stops them to do any physical violence against anyone. Supportive environments of social platforms help the teenagers to act in more friendly rather than become violent or aggressive. Research Scope The major scope of this research proposal is to analyze the impacts of social networking sites on teenage behaviors. Through this research proposal, it can also be identified that that use of social networking sites or playing video games can decrease the violence amongst teenagers or not. References Ferguson, C.J. and Colwell, J., 2016. A Meaner, More Callous Digital World for Youth? The Relationship Between Violent Digital Games, Motivation, Bullying, and Civic Behavior Among Children. Ferguson, C.J., 2015. Do Angry Birds make for angry children? A meta-analysis of video game influences on childrens and adolescents aggression, mental health, prosocial behavior, and academic performance.Perspectives on Psychological Science,10(5), pp.646-666. Granic, I., Lobel, A. and Engels, R.C., 2014. The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist,69(1), p.66. Wang, C.W., Ho, R.T., Chan, C.L. and Tse, S., 2015. Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: Trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction.Addictive behaviors,42, pp.32-35.