Alzheimers Case Study in Social Work

Alzheimers Case Study in Social Work According to Maurer Smith (2005), organizational policies and practices are influenced a lot by the national rules, legislation and service standards. There are many rules, legislations and services like care standard act, care quality commission, commission for social care inspection, race relation act, age relation act, gender discrimination act which aims to ensure the best quality care for the people with all age groups. From the scenario, we have seen that Mr. Frazer is suffering from Alzheimer disease and he needs both long term and short term care as he is passing his days with lots of difficulty. Hamm (2007) has stated that, people with Alzheimer disease need more likely long term cares. The UK legislations have set up lots of policies and standards so that organizations can give the best the possible care to their clients. Among them, the care standard act 2000 describes that, all the care homes or residential homes must fulfill some specific requirements which are necessary to take care of their patients or clients. For example, it describes a category of people who are not suitable to work with vulnerable adults. In addition, it reforms a regulatory system for the care service organizations such as care homes, childrens homes, nursing homes, domiciliary agencies, voluntary adoption agencies, fostering agencies. While providing service to a patient like Mr. Frazer, they have to maintain the legislations. So, a service provider will must check whether they have employees with sufficient knowledge on Alzheimer disease before involving him/her to give him care. For example, wh ether she/he has got knowledge for the reason of this disease, medication, clinical trials, first aids, communication method, special needs etc. Thus legislation and national service standards influence organizational policies and practices for achieving best possible outcomes for people like Mr. Frazer. Factors that may affect the achievement of best possible outcomes for Mr. Frazer According to Gauthier (2000), there are many factors that can affect the achievement of best outcome of people with Alzheimer disease as they usually need both long term and short term care. Some of the factors are given below: Problems in communication: Communication problem creates severe problems while providing care as sometimes they can not understand both written and spoken language because of the damage of corresponding nerve. In addition, patients may speak native language where care giver does not speak the same. In this case, misunderstanding may occur that leads to negative outcome for both groups. Sometimes they may not understand proper language, sign language, body language or meaning of normal picture. In these cases, doctors or care workers may fail to realize their needs and may not the best care. Aggression: Aggressiveness is common often among the Alzheimer patients. So, they may feel irritated if they are asked to describe about their present health condition. In the same time, care givers or doctors will not know patients needs if he/she does not tell them. If they are requested to explain more than once, they become aggressive other than helping them by giving answer. Culture, attitude and beliefs: Health care providers may fail to realize the cultural needs of patients. People from different culture have different cultural norms, beliefs, attitude and expectation. So, lack of cultural knowledge and about their belief can obstacle in the way of achieving best compliance. (Treatment and lack of adherence to medication for TB among Hispanic immigrants is one example) Education and income: Sometimes, patient may think that, they are being asked for unnecessary information by taking the chance of their lower education and income. Also, they might need to pay them for any particular type of treatment though they are reluctant. This can create barrier to achieve the best outcome as well. National rules and legislations: According to McHale Gallagher (2003), a mature patient has the right to refuse treatment. Sometimes, they can say that the information which asked for will strike on their confidentiality or respect. So, information may not be available though that is essential for their safeguarding. In these cases, doctors or social workers may take decision against their wishes which will not let them to achieve best outcome. Communication between care workers and individuals contribute to the delivery of outcomes According to Rabins et al (2006), usually people with Alzheimer disease face difficulty while communicating with someone. They may not realize even the simple words. In some cases, their understanding can be fully reverse from the speakers and they may react violently. So, we must be very careful while presenting something to them. A few ways are given below for effective communication to achieve the best outcome. Awareness while speaking: Cayton et al (2008) have stated that, the care givers must be aware of their body language and voice of tone while talking with them. They must communicate very politely otherwise patients may feel threatened, undermined or confused which can rise the feeling of isolation, agitation and undermine the trust. Mentioning name: Cayton et al has noted that, care givers must introduce themselves clearly before starting conversation with a patient. If patients condition is critical then we may tell them our address as well to make the better feelings of the patients. Care giver or doctors should speak quickly, loudly or distinctly by no way. Questioning: Obviously care providers or doctors need to ask questions to know patients condition but they must not use long sentences to ask them any question as they need longer time than others to understand the meaning even sentence is not big enough. In addition, they should not be asked more than one question at a time. Also, they should be asked question that require answer only yes or no (Sadowski Wisniewsk, 2004). Thus any individual can ensure the best outcome for the patients like Mr. Frazer. Question 2 2.1 Factors that may have contributed to loss of independence, non-participation and social exclusion for Ellen According to Arber Evandrou (1993), there are many factors which can contribute to loss of independence, non-participation and social exclusion and these can be being dependent to someone including care workers, not given time to make choice for them, constraint, changing something related to them without taking their permission, not giving chance to participate in decision-making. Dependency: Most of the cases, vulnerable adults like Mrs. Ellen loss their independency and social exclusion because of being dependant to someone such as care workers. Sometimes the patients may not be permitted to carry their day to day activities because of lack of ability or risk. Service users physical and mental conditions may be considered strictly. They may not be given permission to choose how they will spend their times, how they spend their money, where will they spend their leisure time, what will be their regular diet etc. because of lack of skills. As a result, they will loss their minimum capacity to lead a life of their own. So, they may be reluctant to participate in social events as it may be insulting for them that they are dependant. Keeping away from decision making: From the scenario, we have seen that Mrs. Ellen was given chance to make her own decision. But, usually service users in the care homes or nursing homes may not be given this opportunity because they may cause a problem. This can cause frustration and they become more dependant. Constraint: this is one of the major ways for what service users become dependants. It can cause threat as they may be forced to think as other people think. Mrs. Ellen was not forced to do anything while staying in the care home. She was encouraged to perform her all day to day activity and as a result she become a role model in that care home. Basically, adults should be assisted to carry their day to day activity but not doing the total thing for themselves. They may think about their inability but they should be encouraged to work by themselves assessing the risks. Otherwise, they will be dependant, frustrated and will lose their taste of life. 2.2 Processes and support mechanisms to maximize independence and choice for individuals like Ellen Sussex Scourfield (2004) describe that empowerment of social, physical, emotional needs, intellectual factors, access to information, maintaining confidentiality, participation in decision-making and choice can maximize the independence and choice for individuals. These are given below: Promoting rights of them. For example, letting them to maintain their confidentiality, safety and security Allowing them to take risks. But risk must be assessed. If that can cause severe problem, they might be encouraged restrain from certain things. Allowing them to communicate and make relationships with anyone that they want. Allowing them to individualised care, involving responsibilities etc. Everyone has responsibility not to infringe on the rights of other people. Individuals must be given chance to take their own decision and make choices for them. Individuals will get full access to gather information. They must be given right to carry out their religion and cultural activities. Providing a range of options from which they can make choices Encouraging them to solve problems in the future on their own successfully. 2.3 Organisational systems to promote participation and independence for individuals According to Sussex Scourfield (2004), empowering individuals potentiality, ensuring performance of workers, proper guidelines and inspirations to work by own initiatives, staff training, getting feedback, inspection and opinion sources of information for each and every individuals can be a few examples to promote participation and independence for individuals by organizational systems. These are described below: Empowering individuals: Heumann et al (2001) state that, each and every employee of any organization may be promoted to participation and independence by empowering their sleeping potentiality. According to him, the development of service delivery and service quality may be increased significantly by the empowerment of employees. To implement this, proper guidelines to let them work by themselves will be necessary. Thereafter, they can be told the benefits so that they can realize the necessity of the empowerment. Ensuring performance of individuals: Huber (2006) has shown that, organizational participation can be developed by ensuring performance of individuals. The organizational management will make sure that all the employees are up-to-date with changes so that they can perform in a better way. When they will find out their good performance, they will intend to take part extra organizational activities and feel free to work independently. Sources of information: Employees from all the organizations should have free access to information so that they can solve their basic problems by themselves. In addition, they will know the pros and cons of the organization. As a result, they will think themselves as an individual and important part of the organization which results them to participate and involve throughout the organizations. (Anderson Aydin, eds., 2005) 2.4 Tensions that arise when balancing the rights of the individual to independence and choice against the care providers duty to protect According to Thompson et al (2006), there are many factors which cause dilemma while providing care to the vulnerable adults e.g. Safety vs. independence, safety vs. rights and responsibilities of individuals etc. For example, if patients with dementia or frail people want to go somewhere by themselves, then care providers are in trouble. People with dementia may loss their way and find it difficult to retrieve it. In addition, they can cause harm to others and themselves by their aggressive behavior. Frail people may fall down easily and cause serious harm to them. So, the relatives or even the person himself/herself may complain against the care providers when they are in trouble. Considering these factors, care providers are reluctant to let them do anything which can harm their clients. In the same time, each and every individual has right to live independently but it can cause conflict between relative vs. client, client vs. employee, employee vs. relative, children vs. parent, parent of children vs. service providers and staff vs. staff. Thus, tensions can arise while balancing the rights and choice against the care providers duty. Overall, care providers will first consider and ensure their clients safety and then independence. Question 3 3.1 Identifying and explaining risk of abuse or harm from the case study through the case study. From the given scenario, we have seen that Mr. Simon was abusing eight elderly clients in his care which affected his clients very badly. His clients might have to face (opuronio) loss for that abuse. Now the risk of abuse and the way they could be harmed are given below: It has been said in the scenario that one of the lady who is aged 78 years old was poured cold water and stocking over her head. Researchers have shown that cold water during shower helps to get good health for the normal aged people where it harms elderly people. According to Thygerson (2007), it can increase the risk of heart attack. Putting stocking over the head can choke the lady and lead to death. It can cause paralysis as well. Mr. Simon also harassed sexually one of the elderly ladies who are 92. It is really matter of shame and strong sexual abuse against that lady. That lady must feel very ashamed that can lead her to suicide. Also, she can be injured seriously physically as body structure becomes very sensitive at those ages. Obviously it is illegal and humanistic to force anyone to do anything though sometimes that can be good for the person. Anyone can be requested to do anything but is up to the person to accept any help or service or whatever. A 96 year elderly client was forced to eat her food though she was reluctant. Also, Mr. Simon poured sherry into one of his clients throat who was 81. that could cause her choke. As a result, she might die. It could also cause her vomit which can lead to loss of appetite. She was being physically abused during her care. Without this, as many of his clients were suffering from senile dementia and psychological problem, they might not remember what happened to them during their care and might think whatever has been done as a part of their treatment! This is a clear indication of physical and mental abuse. Physical abuse was acute for the clients who were wheelchair bound because they could not either protect him or take themselves in safe position quickly. In addition, their privacy, self esteem, dignity, choice, respect, safety have been neglected instead of giving them appropriate care. 3.2 Options to protect individual from abuse whilst balancing legislation requirements and guidance with the tensions involved According to Pritchard ed. (2008), there are some legislations and guidance to protect and safeguard of the vulnerable adults in the UK. Among them human rights act 1998, Disability discrimination act 2003, Protection of Vulnerable Adult (POVA), Care standard act 2008 are the most effective acts to ensure the safety of vulnerable adults and protect them from any kinds of harm. The scenario has shown that some of the clients were being abused mentally and physically during their care though they were staying in a nursing home. Basically, abuse can happen because of lack of proper implementation of national legislations. According to the legislations, vulnerable adults may be suggested to stay in their own home or care homes or nursing homes or hospitals in accordance with their health condition. But risks must be assessed before taking any decision. In addition, clients have the right to choose any types of service they need for. They can also refuse all the services as well if they w ant unless they are mentally handicapped. Thus individuals can be protected from abuse at the same time as balancing legislation requirements and guidance. 3.3 The effectiveness of policies, procedures and managerial approach for promoting management of risks for a known setting According to Torrisi Hansen-Turton (2005) and Kemshall Pritchard (1997), every organization should have some organizational policies, procedures and managerial approach of their own to run their business effectively and to gain their goals easily along with national policy, procedures and laws. For example, a nursing home should have some legislations regarding acceptable and unacceptable risk, protection from unacceptable risk, assessing and recording risk, participation in creating abuse-free environment, complaints procedures, leadership style, whistle blowing policy along with national service standards. Among them assessing risk, leadership style and complain procedures are significant to promote management risks. A nursing home must have adequate equipment to deal with patients. In addition, early identification of possible abuse, screening of people who are going to start work, reporting to people with proper procedure, getting feedback and opinion from clients, keeping as e ye and proper monitoring system of the clients finance, psychological and physical issues can also promote management of risk. 3.4 Justify recommendations for improving management approaches to managing risks of abuse in the setting of the case study Parsloe (1999) and Messer Jones (1999) have shown that, the management can play an important role to manage the risks of abuse. Some important recommendations are given below to manage risk: A care worker may be monitored or supervised by an authorized person while providing care. Screening of people will help to obtain an employees mentality about his/her job role. Getting regular feedback from client will disclose the quality of service that they are getting. So, staff will try to give their best to achieve reputation which will minimize risk. Having necessary equipments cut the danger of life respectively. For example, a service user may need to be transferred for emergency. In this case, having ambulance facility is a plus point to cut risk and abuse of treatment. Stealing, creating psychological or physiological harms are the cases that happen in care homes, nursing homes or in hospitals. So, monitoring of employees will help to manage risk of abuse as well. Question 4 4.1 The legislation, guidance, codes of practice and policy that apply to the handling of medication According to Association for Real ChangeÂÂ  (ARC) et al (2006), there are some particular laws, legislations, guidance and policies to handle medication as well as its ordering and maintaining, administration, storage, recording, and disposal. These are Drug act 2005, PoisonsÂÂ  and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966 No 31, PoisonsÂÂ  and Therapeutic Goods Regulation 2008, Public Health (General) Regulation 2002, Medicines act 1968, Drug misuse act 1986 etc. These laws and legislations have described the management and supervision systems for the administration, storage, disposal and recording of medication. According to a new law, a registered nurse (grade 1, minimum) must handle the administration of medication to ensure the standard of care in the care homes. In addition, it provides safeguards for the administration of medication along with personal care attendants and in the hostels. Medicines act 1968 has provided a legal framework within which doctors, surgeons, pharmacists, suppliers and nurses are able to administer medications. According to this act, there are some medicines which are restricted to sale, supply and administration. A drug handler must have to have license to prescribe or dispose any medicine. They also have to renew every licence granted under this Act, unless previously renewed or revoked or will expire at the end of the period of five years from the date on which it was granted or the date as from which it was last renewed. Drug act 2005 and misuse of drug act 1986 have provided very strong law to handle and protect the misuse of drugs. According to this act, a supplier of drug has to prove that, it has a valid intention to provide drugs. Court can assume against a supplier for abusing drug if they can find out less amount of drug than prescribed. In addition, an issue can be raised if the accused may not have had the drug in possession with the intent. Thus these legislations, guidance and policies help to safe handling of medicine. 4.2 National service standards to promote safe practice in the handling of medication According to Crouch et al (2008), todays medicines are powerful compounds to control disease, ease discomfort and prolong life for millions of people and are generally beneficial. But nothing in the world gives us only blessings. Almost all the medicines have got side effect to human body. This is why, national standards, legislation, national enquiries e.g. the Shipman Enquiry, ethical issues, service user choice, acceptable risk etc. have been introduced to minimize the risks and promote safe practice of medication. Another author named Railton (2007) has stated that, all the clinicians, doctors, nurses, care workers, pharmacists have to meet national minimum standard while handling the medicine. For example, a practitioner must have to have a valid license for practicing or prescribing medicine. According to McGee ed. (2009), some of the key principles to promote safe practice are given below: Clients of social care services have freedom to choose concerning their provider of pharmaceutical care and services including dispensed medicines. Care staffs have to be aware of medicines that each client has and a complete account of medicines will be recorded by the social care service. Care staffs help people with their medicines have to be well-trained and competent. Medicines must be given correctly and safely, and care staffs have to preserve the privacy and dignity of the individual while giving them medicine. Medicines should be available when the patient/client needs them and the service provider will make sure safe disposal of unwanted drugs. Medication orders must be timed; dated, signed and handwritten orders must be readable. Only approved hospital abbreviations will be used. Medicines must be stored safely. The social care service will have an access to advice from the pharmacists. Medicines have to be used to cure, prevent disease and to relieve symptoms. Medicines can not be used to punish or control behavior. 4.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication to achieve best possible outcomes for service users Thomas et al (2003) has shown that the policies and procedures help to achieve the best possible outcome for administrative medication and care homes are one of the examples of it. He shows that, care homes reduce the risks of medication by following the policies and procedures. As a part of medication administration policy, now they keep all the records of medication to avoid future risk. Sometimes they check or review the side effects of any drugs in the internet and discuss with any third party if necessary. According to Thomas et al (2003) and Boon et al (2006), effectiveness of policies and procedures are given below: Each and every written order for medication must state the names of medication clearly which have been ordered. They also mention the dose, the time of any medication is to be administered, route for administration, the reason of the prescribed medication. In addition, any specific time of medication or the first dose is to be considered for administration. So, there will be a rare chance to cause any mistake will lead a good outcome for the patients. Because of the changes in policy nurses are no longer allowed to gather information or obtain the medication from the night locker unless a pharmacy is available to dispense the medication. So, misuse of drugs will fall down. In addition, only hospital approved abbreviations are being used in prescriptions so that clinicians and medical professionals can understand those without any difficulty. It saves time and care service is becoming fast. Violence and silent punishment by the medication in the care homes have been stopped as medicin es are not allowed to punish or control behavior. Harrison (2006) has shown that about 7000 deaths are occurred every year. But now the number has been decreased significantly after the full implementation of medication administrating throughout the care homes, children homes, nursing homes and hospitals. It also ensures the safe practice of care by providing a guideline to the responsible persons by giving idea about right dosage, right medication, right time, right patient, and right route. Thus medical administration helps to achieve the best outcome for the service users.

American Son

On one hand, Globalization created an anatomy of modernity and pleasurable living taking us on the route of development spree, yet on the other hand this very Globalization created paradoxical complex situations in the lives of our young ones. These young ones who on one hand want to break all the cords of conventional thoughts and ideological patterns that were dominating in their societal world and on the other hand want to enter into the world shown to them by the materialistic society of today.Children’s dreams and images of the glamorous world shown to them in the American society are enough to turn their versatile mind towards the fulfillment of realization of their goals. But more and more children from different parts of the world trying to follow the ideals of the glamour and power showered on them by Hollywood, more and more they find themselves entangled into the web of unsuccessful endeavors resulting in lashing against each other. This very preposterous position o f their duplicate life faced by the children has been captured in the intricate words of â€Å"American son†.The novel revolves around Filipino immigrants, and the effect that the American culture in Globalization world have on them, the problems they are facing in searching their own identity and the violent effects on them resulting from the racism. The attraction of the children for the materialistic goods, their desire for luxurious life and the lack of familial bond they had to face take them to the path of crime coaxing them for stealing and coveting.Globalization brought the glamour world into the souls of the generation next coaxing them into following unattainable ideals of the fashionable world, and when success remains aloof from these young Filipino Americans, they resort to crime and violence. The society of Filipino American youths so revealed in 1993 in California by Brian Roley reflects the â€Å"underbelly of the modern immigrant experience† (back cove r). The dilemma of the Filipino youths is seen through the eyes of Gabrielito Sullivan, fifteen-year-old American boy.He was a boy who was born and brought up by white father and Filipino mother. The whole family strove to maintain a balance between their traditional values raised by the voice of Uncle Betino in the Philippines through his letters and the attractions of the genre class of the American society, living in West LA. Gabrielito, nickname Gabe, his mother, and his older brother Tomas, emigrated to America almost ten years before, had to fight at every stage of their life to regain their identity in the multifarious city of Los Angles.They had to rely on menial or dead end jobs away from their families, as seen by Rhacel Parrenas, â€Å"partial citizenship, the pain of family separation, the experience of contradictory class mobility, and the feeling of social exclusion or non-belonging in the migrant community† (Parrenas, 12), speak volume of the sufferings they ha d to go through and the trauma of the violent acts they had to face due to poverty that had put all the concepts of Globalization lay bare. Gabe did not see his father, since the day he got drunk and returned from his station in Germany.He still remembered that darkest phase of his life when his father thrashed the children and â€Å"making fun of Filipinos and her family,† the father told Tomas that he only married their mom because â€Å"he wanted someone meek and obedient, but had been fooled because she came with a nagging extended family. † (Roley 24) When his father left the home, Gabe’s mother would often call up her brother in the Philippines to seek his advice on how she should bring her children up.She would often receive letters from Uncle Betino to send her sons’ back to Philippines to imbibe in them â€Å"some of the Asian virtues of [the] family heritage. † (Roley 201) These letters did not allow Gabe’s mother to come out of he r roots and neither allowed her to fully assimilate herself in the American society. Even though economical hardships loomed large on her face, she still did not want to go back as she could not bear the heat, showers that spread smell, the insects, diseases, and relatives who make â€Å"tsismis about each other behind their backs† (Roley 33).Tomas tried to reconcile himself into the American family and defying the racist and discriminatory attitude by showing his masculinity. He would often end up in the family parties with â€Å"his muscles all covered in gangster tattoos and his head shaved down to stubble and his eyes bloodshot from pot. † (Roley 15) This character and personality adopted by Tomas spread the spark of rebel and violence against his own self and against the duplicate society. He was always finding himself in the company of tough Mexicans and his tattoos also postured the Mexican identity.â€Å"His tattoos are mostly gang, Spanish, and old-lady Catho lic,† Gabe observed, as he noted â€Å"the Virgin of Guadalupe tattoo that covers his back from his neck down to his pants. † (Roley 17) Tomas tried to use the stereotype and racists attitude of the society to fulfill his commercial gains. In his business of Dogs, he uses the language that signifies the stereotype image that is breathing in the American souls. He uses German language to sell his dogs and all to the â€Å"rich people and celebrities. † (Roley 15) He uses the tactic of story telling with nationalized concept to draw in the attention of his clients towards his dogs.He is often heard saying to his clients that his dogs have â€Å"pedigrees that go back to Germany, and that they descend from dogs the Nazis used [and that his training] is a Teutonic art that goes back to the Prussian war states. † (Roley 20) It’s only by proclaiming himself as Nazi that he is able to find himself recognized and legitimate citizen among high-class society of America. The most alluring part lies in the fact that all lies are easily taken for granted, as whole society is inflexed with racism. Since ages, Asian males had been subjected to mistreatment and exclusion laws.Their masculine power were thought of as a crime and considered as harmful for the whole society as they were thought of to be terminator of diseases, miscegenation and sexual corruption. Majority of the males were put to work considered as feminine in nature and were poorly paid and were represented in Media as hypersexual. In a bid to develop a viable his identity as a macho man, time and again, Tomas would succumb himself in violence and goes to an extent of beating his brother, whenever he looked at his subservient attitude.Though both Tomas and Gabe loved their mother but they would get frustrated at their helplessness and by the financial difficulties that they had to undergo and to overcome this Tomas involved himself in all petty crimes like assaulting others, br eaking into the houses of other people, and robbery. By the end of the novel, he took Gabe along with him for stealing the goods of other people and then again selling them only with a hope to increase their wealth and along with that the status of their mother. Tomas stole the items like brass sinks faucets and bathroom fittings and in exchange bought a new bed for her mother.Once in a house of Brentwood Park, Tomas told Gabe, â€Å"Look for the pearls. Or anything with gold on it. Forget the silver stuff. It wouldn't look good on her brown skin. † (Roley 147) As it was amply clear to them that their success and to make themselves recognized in a society, wealth is the most important and established proposition, in what ever way it is earned. To gain the status and position in American society, the most important qualification is how wealthy you are. And Tomas was following the same path.He was showering his love for mother by giving her all the wealthy possessions, which we re constantly figured in various forms of media like glossy magazines, television, film and advertisements attracting Filipino youths. Spending the life in a capitalist society surrounded with materialistic wealth but not having any thing for themselves, the lives of Filipino youths was just similar to a thirsty person surrounded with sea. It’s like water is everywhere but not a single drop to drink. In the social and political spheres that engulfed America in the nineteenth century it was impossible for them to earn money in a legitimate way.There were very few options left for them to earn the status and legitimacy among high and legendry class. In his quest to acquire wealth, Tomas became a hustler. As said by Mercer and Julien, â€Å"the figure of the hustler [†¦ ] is intelligible as a valid response to conditions of racism, poverty and exploitation, it does not challenge that system of oppression but rather accommodates itself to it: illegal means are used to attai n the same normative ends or ‘goals' of consumption associated with the patriarchal definition of the man's role as ‘breadwinner'†.(Mercer and Julien, 114) They think themselves as American Son only if they act violently. The violence and crime can only gratify them. They showed their aggressiveness by beating Ben, one of the schoolmates of Gabe, who was also, son of rich American woman. Ben threatened them to collect eight hundred dollars from their mother as she by mistake knocked at the woman’s land Cruiser, which was in front of their school. And while hurling the tire iron at Ben’s legs, Gabe thought that, â€Å"I feel a rush not of anxiety but of confidence.In a scary way I realize I like it. Strangely, that only makes my stomach worse. †(Roley 215) In the end of the story, when Tomas placed his hand over Gabe just like a father would do to his son, showed the volume of the self will power and reassurance they are giving to each other. Wi th the help of both criminal as well as legitimate ways, both the protagonists enabled themselves to get along with the ways of the world full of prejudice and disproportionate disposition.They may not be now trans-migrants like their mother, but they forgot their values and traditions and defied both court and law. The most crucial aspect of the novel is the inner conflict of the protagonists that arises from their own self and society that is shown in Gabe’s nature too who was earlier a submissive child but soon followed Tomas way of life. When beaten by his brother, his inner instinct told him to go and take revenge and so he took revenge on Tomas by stealing his car and dog.He then ran away to Northern California so that he can find himself get rid of his family and from his brother’s violent behavior towards him but his bonds for his family succumbed him to return and join Tomas. Today’s youths want to unleash the old conventional ways of life and grasp the wealth and power, and when they don’t get it they resort to crime. They want to ask questions and seek reliable answers from society and from their life, and when they do not get the answer they find their own way whether it is crime or other wise.This is a way of the world as they are the youths and sons of this world. WORKS CITED Mercer, Kobena and Isaac Julien. â€Å"Race, Sexual Politics and Black Masculinity: A Dossier. † Male Order: Unwrapping Masculinity. Ed. Rowena Chapman and Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1988. 97-164. Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar. Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work. Stanford CA: Stanford UP, 2001. Roley, Brian Ascalon. American Son. New York: Norton, 2001

Case Study Analysis: Jive Software

During the years 2001 to 2004 of gradual development of Jive Systems, the company solidified its status as the fastest growing SBS Company in the industry, doubling the size of its workforce since 2008 and increasing full year revenue 85% from 2008 to 2009. Throughout this period of rapid growth and expansion, Jive relied on a variety of technologies to handle their sales forecasting process. Till they realized that their structure of business changing almost daily, Jive’s eccentric system struggled to keep up. The structure was done in a haphazard manor. They were doing quota management in Excel, bookings and sales in Sales force and pipeline analysis in Cloud9 Analytics, which resulted in lack of all the information into one central system. Jive’s multi-tool approach was the source of several serious issues: The executive team had poor visibility into the sales opportunity pipeline; all data updates involved a tedious and cumbersome transfer process from salesforce. om to Excel pivot tables; and, when changes of any kind needed to be made, instead of conducting research and having an all team/ department meeting for synchronisation they just made ridiculous plans and moved to creating new products. 1. Put yourself in Wilson's shoes when he is first hired. You have to formalize Jive's sales functions. What are the core building blocks of the sales function you need to put in place? The core building blocks of the sales function that one needs to put in place are as follows – The ability to understand and analyse business issues and develop solutions around the core building blocks of sales process which are tools, skills, competencies and attitudes. Based on the company’s revenue hire sales reps that are capable of using the latest techniques to engage individuals in their development and understanding coaches and mentors (VP’s) who help individuals to become aware and responsible for their opportunities. With ref to the Sales Learning curve article and adding to the above one should start out with very low assumptions about expected revenue per salesperson, and increase these expectations gradually, quarter by quarter. Anticipate that during the initiation phase, reps will not generate enough revenue to cover their total costs. Instead of hiring new sales reps the VP should track the productivity of existing reps approaching the point where they cover their total costs. Post that if necessary one should consider expanding the sales force. . Evaluate the strategy of using team vs. individual coverage/quota models. What are the pros and cons of each approach? Suggest an alternative coverage/quota mode In the Jive case study we see that when Dennis Deveny and Sarah Denman worked as a team, the sales strategy was going on the right track till the VP introduced more sales players. But however using a team is more effective as they can split up responsibilities and cover areas that they ar e capable also making it less time consuming. With respect to team coverage quota models – Depends on if they are the same job role or not – if it's two of the same role (i. e. two Field Reps vs. one Field Rep paired with an Inside Rep), then the following applies: Pros: Obvious alignment and cooperation in rep activity and reduction in rep conflict on deals resulting in no commission and credit fights. Cons: Diluted responsibility, much easier to overpay for sales influence per $ of revenue, much easier to overpay for lower levels of performance, if quota relief is ever given it can reward the wrong person, etc. However an individual sales quota might work in the initial stage (testing stage) when the company is just starting out as a small firm, with minimum expenses and quota. The pros would be awarded for one’s own credit/work, examine the reps progress and the cons would be few areas covered compared to a pair, work overload, stress/ depression and time consuming. Alternative coverage/quota mode – Have a marketer look after introductions, qualification and generation of opportunities, then bringing in the salesperson to discuss commercials and close the deal, you can create an effective pairing. But the company must make sure that these pairs look after different territories, which could be geographic, vertical etc. The most important thing is to ensure there is no crossover, one can split by verticals, and we need to make sure to draw the lines and that no one company can sit in two verticals. 3. What are the merits of a quarterly vs. annual quota systems? What is the ideal length of a quota period? What are the adverse effects if the period is too long or short? Which quota period length is most appropriate for Jive? Quarterly annual quota is effective as sales reps can measure their performances per quarter and rectify the problems in the next quarter thus avoiding a big blunder towards the end of the financial year. One can keep track, learn from the changing business environment and their targeted territories. Also if compensation is included in each quarter it can boost the competition of the sales rep. On the other hand long term quotas can be less stressful and the sales reps have enough time and space to learn their territories well. The ideal length of a quota period depends on each company and different factors such as Corporate revenue goals, Historic revenue performances, Current sales coverage model, Planned increases in sales headcount, Introduction of new products and services, Current market share, Stretch targets. Adverse effects if the period is too long – sales reps would start with their quota with great gusto in the beginning of the year and loose interest towards the end of the year. The company tends to solve the situation when the year ends because they learn about the problem too late and at that stage the issue can be unsolvable. As for too short a period it can lead to a lot of stress, incorrect methods of achieving sales quotas as the competition level is too high which results in Sales reps not contracting the right information and failure in understanding the customer needs. As the case study shows that quarterly quotas were a big disaster I would recommend Half yearly sales quotas because sales reps will have enough time to understand their target territories, half yearly sales quota will be less stressful and plus allow them to gather accurate data keep their strategies current with the business. Also the company must be willing to adjust the leverage down to anticipate some reduction in quota accuracy and manage compensation costs to reasonable levels and avoid revamping the sales for at every quarter. 4. How does the enterprise sales learning curve (ESLC) apply to this situation? The sales rep will have time to understand the consumer needs by allowing the beta to be tested by the consumers. By reduction of quotas, it will result in a less stressful situation giving the sales reps the opportunity to gather information on the pros and cons of the product and creating a correct report for the company. On doing this the engineers, product developers, marketers and sales can work on a half yearly plan according to the results of the report. 5. Jive Software has announced plans to bring on John McCracken as the new VP of Sales in Q109. What steps should McCracken take to mitigate the problems in sales? With ref to the Sales Learning Curve – Adjust the sales strategy he learns by using the sales learning process that unfolds in three phases—each requiring a different size sales force with different skills: Initiation: Once the products are beta-tested and have few potential customers. Should hire three to four salespeople to learn how customers will use the product and to support other parts of the company in refining the offering as well as marketing and selling strategies. Look for salespeople who: Communicate well with teams from other functions, Tolerate ambiguity, Have a deep interest in product technology, Can bring customers together with various functional teams in your firm, Can develop their own sales models and collateral material. Transition: Once acquired a critical mass of customers and sales are accelerating. Keep initial sales team focused on learning. Add sales reps who can operate effectively within an evolving sales model but who don’t necessarily have the analytical and communication skills the initial team required. Execution: Once developed the formula for success and put the sales force’s support requirements in place, bring in traditional salespeople—and arm them with a territory, sales plan, price book, and marketing materials to take orders. Sources: The Sales Learning Curve Article by Mark Leslie and Charles A Holloway.

Bilingual Education A Education - 1401 Words

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However, Bilingual education helps to maintain one’s fluency in their native language along with developing their understanding of the second language learned. This helps to increase the self-confidence in the children and introduces them to different cultures; therefore, the advantages of bilingual education outweighs the disadvantages. Bilingual education constantly being a new idea has lots of benefits in today’s generation; critics like Temes, joya ceron has supported this and claimed that it is helpful through their article by mentioning that bilingual program can work and it isShow MoreRelatedBilingual Vs. Ban On Bilingual Education1656 Words   |  7 PagesChen Sharada Balachandran-Orihuela Paper 3 Word Count:1532 Bilingual Education to ban or not to ban? When we speak about this country—The United States of America—we automatically think of the great number of languages people speak in this country. Take California as an example. 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