From washington's farewell address warning against getting involved in Essay

From washington's farewell address warning against getting involved in foreign entanglements to the Monroe Doctrine to Theod - Essay Example They were not the only presidents to do this. In later times, at least three Cold War era presidents also followed this course, including Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. Nor did it end with the conclusion of the Cold War. Barack Obama himself has embraced this policy of implied force as a central theme of his policy. As will be seen, this overriding theme of implied force is the definitive common denominator of all presidential decision-making in foreign policy. Five sources were consulted in the preparation of this paper, and all proved invaluable in the development of one’s understanding of this topic. Harry Ammon provided a critical background for the analysis of James Monroe’s famous doctrine of 1823 as a major departure point for American external policies. Harlow Giles Unger took a somewhat dissenting view from the conventional view that the Europeans had a distinct advantage over the fledgling American republic, and notes that the Ameri cans were stronger at that time than usually given credit for, a surprising position indeed! Former senator Cary Hart of Colorado has the unique insider’s perspective as a practicing politician in the halls of power for many years. Although a seasoned practitioner, Hart is no intellectual lightweight. He holds a doctorate and has lectured at Yale, Oxford and other hallowed institutions. Aida Donald offers keen insights into the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and helps to elevate Roosevelt in historical stature. Louis Auchincloss, an authoritative Roosevelt biographer, establishes the basic thread of continuity between Monroe and Roosevelt, the two presidents emphasized here. James Monroe seemed marked out by destiny to be a diplomat. A protege of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, fellow Virginians and his immediate forerunners as presidents, Monroe apprenticed himself as a minister to foreign powers. What bothered him from an early date, however, was the comple te lack of respect he encountered toward American diplomats and his beloved country. He felt that America should be taken more seriously as an emerging power in its own right, and he was determined to gain that respect. When he became president, Monroe continued to be influenced by Jefferson and Madison. Britain, Spain and Russia proved particularly worrisome to him. Jefferson had cautioned him against entanglements with European powers—echoing Washington—but Monroe had some ideas of his own about diplomacy. Apparently, as early as March 1822, Monroe was disturbed by European expansion into Latin America (Ammon 476-481). He was already toying with the notion of an â€Å"American system† by that date, so it was not surprising that he went before Congress in December 1823 with the address that would come to be known as the â€Å"Monroe Doctrine†, but only after 1850. This policy, now so familiar to posterity, was only part of Monroe’s unique position in American history. He may be credited with being America’s first â€Å"national security president† (Hart 114). He had already fortified America’s northern border with Canada and taken other measures deemed appropriate for security purposes, so it was but a small leap for him to

Management Approach to Trade Unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Approach to Trade Unions - Essay Example The reverse of this, is what certainly applies to trade unions without a stronghold of labour law or with a lack of support by such law. Distinguishing between two different models of corporate governance is now commonplace in terms of understanding management approaches to trade unions. One is the shareholder, in which the primary goal is maximization of shareholder value and only shareholders are privileged to have a strong formalized links with top management. Another is the stakeholder model in which a variety of firm constituencies (employees, suppliers, and customers) has interests that are balanced against each other in decision-making and enjoy 'voice.'1 How trade unions are viewed by management also varies according to country, alongside the extent of their influence on the organization and its decision-making and policies. With all these contentions, this paper aims to ascertain in which ways and why management approach to trade unions differ across counties, which purports to be answered with reference to two countries, particularly the United States and the Philippines. Trade unions are the principal institutions of workers in modern capitalist societies, and are referred to as collective organizations of workers with diverse interests.2 Since the days of Adam Smith, economists and other social scientists, labour unionists, and business owners have been debating the social effects of trade unionism. Many economists view it as a monopoly in the labour market whose primary impact is the increase of wages of members at the expense of the non-members and the effective management of the organization. There were frequent complaints from managers about inflexible operations and work disruptions of firms due to unions, and some social critics have painted trade unionism as socially unresponsive, elitist, and crime-riddled institutions,3 which must not be held on to by desperate workers. The other side of the contention holds that unions bear beneficial economic and political effects, stressing the significant ways in which collective bargaining agreements can pursue improved productivity and better management. Trade unionists note that unionism has the capacity to increase the retention and development of skills of the workers, improve morale, provide information on the goings-on in the shop floor, and pressure management for better efficiency in its operations.4 Besides increasing wages, trade unions provide workers with protection against unfair working conditions and arbitrary management decisions at the expense of the workers. Consequently, the presence of trade unionism in organizations gives a louder voice to the workers and enables them to pursue their demands on the management with a unified and louder voice. However, the negative view of trade unions has increased dominantly during the past thirty years.5 Several right and left advocates, while notable exceptions are considered, doubt the value and social relevance of America's organized labour movement.6 Economists have been indulged in quantifying the economic effects of collective bargaining, focusing almost exclusively on the monopoly wage impact of unions.7 Management Approach to Trade Unions in the United States Much of the seminal work on the concept of

Techniques to Generate Sustainable Fuels and Biofuels

Techniques to Generate Sustainable Fuels and Biofuels SUSTAINABLE FUELS LIKE BIOFUELS Vishal Kaatal[1] University of Toronto Institute of Aerospace Studies, Toronto, Ontario I have studied different ways to generate Sustainable fuels like Biofuels. My focus is whether Biofuels can help the future of Aviation industry as a fuel source of energy, is it easy to produce in environmental without damaging it. What are the ways of generating Biofuels. Whether any country is focusing to produce Biofuels in abundant quantity and difficulties faced by them. Following selected papers have been selected to start my work but will not be limited to find various answers throughout the project and can be added when required. [1]In recent years, it has been seen drastic change in Climate, Natural resources got reduced, and fossil fuels are in the situation of extinction in near future which triggered scientist and researchers to find an alternative source of energy. They came up with an idea of Biofuel which is generated from the waste of trees, sewage, grass, etc. popularly known by Biomass. Biomass is available in abundant quantity in the world as well as cheaper in cost. In this paper, it shows how to produce Biofuel from Biomass for safer world. [2]This paper talks about the development of aviation biofuels. Aviation biofuel has been tested in various test flights which shows positive result but will take time for commercialized. The constrains which were discussed in interviews with leading global aviation biofuel stakeholders between October and December 2011 are costly production, feedstocks limitation and lack of policy for aviation biofuel throughout the world having rules and regulation at different countries. Paper discussed how to apply these problems for future development of global market for aviation biofuel. [3]This paper talks about Biofuels as a transport alternative fuel in Australia because it the 2nd largest about 24% of total energy consumption.ÂÂ   This large amount of energy demand can be meet with biofuels. It shows different biofuels sources available in Australia which can be produced and used by thinking of future projects.ÂÂ   In future, how to develop biofuel supply chain from different generations of biofuel. [4]This paper deals with the implementation of Biofuels in India as a substitute of fossil fuels and target to use biodiesel and bioethanol for the substitution of 20% fossil fuels by 2017. Also, it shows implications for land use, food production in India. [5]It talks about the use of many algae species to produce biofuels. It also talks about the issue of sustainability of commercial-scale microalgae to produce biofuels with the requirement of environmental conditions. [6]This paper talks about the advantage of algae over first and second generation biomass feedstocks to produce biofuels. It shows the scope and possibilities of Algal biorefineries and how the future of biofuels will be developed using algae. [7]In various ways algae is used to produce Biofuels but did anyone wonder whether the production is possible to meet our requirement. In this paper, the author talks about the limitations to commercialization of algae fuels should be learned and addressed for future commercialization. [8]It is notable that when another source of energy like solar, wind and biofuels usage increases concerns over environmental issues mostly in land use which effects on wildlife. In this paper, it talks about the several uncertainties and limitations to establishing energy production at airports, how to overcome these challenges. [9]In current situation, microalgae used for energy production seem not to be economically feasible. When microalgae cultivated under stress condition produces high-value compounds along with lipids or carbohydrates has been discussed here. [10]The extraction of oil consists of various steps which require energy, the cost of biodiesel from microalgae cost more compared to plant oil. Here sustainable approach for utilization as well as emerging cost effective methods has been discussed. References [1] S. Chakraborty, V. Aggarwal, D. Mukherjee and K. Andras, Biomass to biofuel: a review on production technology, ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. S254-S262, 2012. [2] P. K. Gegg, L. C. Budd and S. G. Ison, The market development of avaition biofuel: drivers and constraints, Journal of Air Transport Management, vol. 39, pp. 34-40, 2014. [3] A. K. Azad, M. Rasul, M. Khan, S. C. Sharma and M. Hazrat, Prospect of biofuel as an alternative transport fuel in Australia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 43, pp. 331-351, March 2015. [4] N. Ravindranath, C. S. Lakshmi, R. Manuvie and P. Balachandra, Biofuel production and implications for land use, food production and environmnet in India, Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 5737-5745, October 2011. [5] M. A. Borowitzka and N. R. Moheimani, Sustainable biofuels from algae, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 13-25, January 2013. [6] J. Singh and S. Gu, Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 2596-2610, 2010. [7] Y. Chisti, Constraints to commercialization of algal fuels, Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 167, no. 3, pp. 201-214, September 2013. [8] T. L. DeVault, J. L. Belant, B. F. Blackwell, J. A. Martin, J. A. Schmidt, L. W. Burger Jr and J. W. Patterson Jr, Airports offer Unrealized Potential for Alternative Energy Production, Environmental Management, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 517-522, March 2012. [9] G. Markou and E. Nerantzis, Microalgae for high-value compounds and biofuels production: A review with focus on cultivation under stress conditions, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1532-1542, December 2013. [10] B. Singh, A. Guldhe, I. Rawat and F. Bux, Towards a sustainable approach for development of biodiesel from plant and microalgae, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 29, pp. 216-245, January 2014.

Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus creative Ess

Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative process, how is this reflected in the language and narrative of the novel? From the very first page of "A portrait of the artist as a young man", where Stephen Dedalus writes in simplistic and linear style and uses inarticulate expression and description in his story of the "moocow", to the last where he writes in journalistic form with a vast array of vocabulary and complex language, there is a progression, a maturing, a creative development; and this is influenced by the experiences, relationships and personal growth Stephen goes through as he grows up. Women are certainly an integral part of this creative process, from his experiences with Eileen, to sleeping with a prostitute, and his relationship with his mother, and his attempts to discover what his sensual feelings mean in this journey of self discovery, women feature prominently and have great significance in the creative process of Stephen's life. Stephen is a very interesting and intricate character, and comes freakishly close to the contemporary boy of the time, there is such a sense of realism which is conveyed through him by Joyce, most likely because he is based on himself. For example, Joyce had a mother devoted to Catholicism, as does Stephen, and Joyce was also educated at Clongowes. I think a key reason as to why women play such an important role in Stephen's creative development is the fact that on many occasions he does not know quite how to relate to them, he sees them as a completely different species and really doesn't know how to respond to them, as his experience with the prostitute will testify. Stephen's relationship with the opposite sex begins to deve... ...ourse to his destiny, and this significantly emphasises the importance of women in Stephen's development artistically, it is not even a girl with whom Stephen has any association, to him it is the gender as a whole, and therefore shows how women have played such a significant role for him. In conclusion, there is no doubt in my mind that across the novel, women play possibly the most important role of all in Stephen's artistic development, and it is because of them, whether it be the overbearing but supremely influential mother of Stephen, the experience with the prostitute, the love Stephen feels for Emma, or the epiphany on the beach with the wading young lady, that Stephen reaches the artist status which he eventually obtains and the intertwining suggests a fated nature which Joyce expertly conveys through his language and conscious style of writing. Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative Ess Discuss and consider the role of women in Stephen Dedalus' creative process, how is this reflected in the language and narrative of the novel? From the very first page of "A portrait of the artist as a young man", where Stephen Dedalus writes in simplistic and linear style and uses inarticulate expression and description in his story of the "moocow", to the last where he writes in journalistic form with a vast array of vocabulary and complex language, there is a progression, a maturing, a creative development; and this is influenced by the experiences, relationships and personal growth Stephen goes through as he grows up. Women are certainly an integral part of this creative process, from his experiences with Eileen, to sleeping with a prostitute, and his relationship with his mother, and his attempts to discover what his sensual feelings mean in this journey of self discovery, women feature prominently and have great significance in the creative process of Stephen's life. Stephen is a very interesting and intricate character, and comes freakishly close to the contemporary boy of the time, there is such a sense of realism which is conveyed through him by Joyce, most likely because he is based on himself. For example, Joyce had a mother devoted to Catholicism, as does Stephen, and Joyce was also educated at Clongowes. I think a key reason as to why women play such an important role in Stephen's creative development is the fact that on many occasions he does not know quite how to relate to them, he sees them as a completely different species and really doesn't know how to respond to them, as his experience with the prostitute will testify. Stephen's relationship with the opposite sex begins to deve... ...ourse to his destiny, and this significantly emphasises the importance of women in Stephen's development artistically, it is not even a girl with whom Stephen has any association, to him it is the gender as a whole, and therefore shows how women have played such a significant role for him. In conclusion, there is no doubt in my mind that across the novel, women play possibly the most important role of all in Stephen's artistic development, and it is because of them, whether it be the overbearing but supremely influential mother of Stephen, the experience with the prostitute, the love Stephen feels for Emma, or the epiphany on the beach with the wading young lady, that Stephen reaches the artist status which he eventually obtains and the intertwining suggests a fated nature which Joyce expertly conveys through his language and conscious style of writing.

Mobile Phones are a Menace not a Blessing Essay

Some people think that mobile phones are a complete menace and some think they are a blessing. In this statement I will discuss both sides of this argument. Firstly I will discuss how mobile phones are bad for society and how they are a menace. After this I will discuss how they are a blessing and the good things that they hold. This is a constant issue of debate particularly between this generation and older generations. see more:mobile phones boon or curse essay People believe mobile phones are a menace as they think they have destroyed ‘real’ (face to face) socialising. They believe that because people are constantly in contact with their friends this means that when people meet up in real life they have no socialising skills or cannot hold a conversation the way people used to. A mobile phone can distract you from things that you should be concentrating on. Such as crossing the road, if you mobile goes off in your pocket then you will automatically want to check it, this then takes your attention off crossing a road and could cause you to walk out in front of a car. This can cause a major accident and possibly death. Phones also promote the idea of ‘cyber-bullying’ as people may be able to say things in text form that they couldn’t say face to face. This could also cause fights between friends as one person may take something in a different way than it was meant, sarcasm is something my generation use a lot and it doesn’t travel well via text. Sometimes people get into the way of texting using a text language, where words are shortened to save time. This could then affect your normal spelling for day to day work. Some recent investigations have encouraged the idea that the radio waves given off mobile telephones can produce tumours which therefore cause cancer. On the other hand having a mobile phone can be a great thing. It can help you out in emergencies, say you were stuck somewhere and had no way of contacting anyone, take out your mobile and you have a way of contacting your parents. Mobile phones are a great way of communication to your friends. If something is bothering you all you need to do is text a friend and you have someone to calm you down. Some people say that phones are far too expensive to run. But some of my friends are on excellent deals, Connor gets unlimited free texts after 7.30 and anytime on the weekends, he hardly pays anything. India pays ten pounds a month and gets unlimited free texts and still has ten pounds worth of free calls. Modern phones these days have many many functions. They can be a radio, have the internet, have a music playing function and a camera, they have Bluetooth for sending your friends photos that you have taken very quickly and easily. My Conclusion is that mobile phones are a good advantage to everyday life, you can pick up a simple phones for around fifteen pounds. And then have pay as you go so you manage how much money goes onto your phone at any one time. Personally I find Mobile Phones a great advantage to everyday life. I understand why people may dislike them but I find it unbelievable that they think they are pointless. They are a means of communication even for the school to contact people about sports. If I didn’t have a mobile I would have turned up at school with no one there to tell me a hockey match was cancelled as I was supposed to have found out from a senior player. I believe that mobile telephones are a blessing.

La Dentelliere Essay

La Donatello ©re Examine the role of the uneducated woman in society as portrayed by Pascal Lain © in his novel â€Å"La Donatello ©re†. â€Å"La Donatello ©re† by Pascal Lain ©, notably a sociologist and not an author, follows the life of a young girl, Pomme, as she matures Into adulthood. A main theme examined by Lain © throughout the novel is the role of the uneducated woman and the social boundaries a lack of education may pose for them. Primarily he shows this through the vague characterization of Pomme, her mother and her friend Maryl ©ne as well as through her relationship with a man, Almery. To begin, we first see Lain © portray the uneducated woman through Pomme’s mother. As with Pomme, we never learn the mother’s real name, rendering her also insignificant. In the beginning of the novel Pomme’s mother works as a prostitute in a bar In order to provide for her child after her husband walked out on her, always repeating the phrase â€Å"A vote service†. Her submissive and subservient attitude demonstrates her lack of education and hence her lower social status than the clients. Furthermore. he accepts her situation In life without asking questions or raying to change it, a trait which she passed on to her daughter: â€Å"Ellis acceptant tout implement lies joins et lies d ©bores quo lie sort leur distribuait sans profusion† Being uneducated has led mother to believe there Is nothing more for her in life than the card fate has dealt them. predominantly,  © uses pommel’s bland, transparent and impressionable personality to de monstrate her lack of education. As mentioned, Pomme takes after her mother in accepting everything that comes her way. She is entirely without ambition or aspirations for her life and is quite content with her Job at a hairdressing anon doing only the menial tasks for untrained interns: â€Å"Pomme ne savait ni friser, ni couper, ni telndre. On surety  ¤ ramasser les serviettes. † Lain © demonstrates that Isn’t capable of having a Job with certain responsibility, but also that she neither cares to find one. Pomme is the inspiration for Lain ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s title â€Å"La Donatello ©re† – The Lace maker, a famous picture by Jan vermin. She is both the lace and the lace maker. On one hand she Is fragile, delicate and Intricately woven In her simplicity, but then at the same time is simply transparent, basic Pomme. Lain © uses this Imagery to show that Pomme’s lack of substance is derived from her uneducated background and she will never be capable of achieving much, yet performs every menial task using all her effort and concentration. t ¤, n’importe locale, deviant i mm ©diatement cet accord, better unite†. Furthermore, the social boundaries a lack of education may carry for woman are highlighted through the character of Maryl ©ne, Pomme’s friend and hairdressing She longs to be of a higher social class but for her it is impossible to change class use to her uneducated background: â€Å"Maryl ©ne se rendait bien compte qu’il y ava it tout  ¤ c ¶t © d’elle, des autres gens et du tapage, une humanit © sup ©rieure†¦ In fact, social class and education go hand in hand – Maryl ©ne was born into a lower social class and hence never received an education – meaning that social mobility is unattainable. Lain © here uses Maryl ©ne to highlight the relation between social class and a lack of education. Lain © also achieves this through the failure of Pomme’s relationship with Almery de B ©lign ©, a man of a much higher social status than her. From the offset of their relationship Almery tries to change Pomme. Despite being deeply attracted to her simplicity, he tries to educate and culture her, playing her Malher’s symphony. While Almery is nearly moved to tears listening to the work, Pomme seems entirely unaffected: â€Å"Pomme s’ ©tait doucement levee, apr ©s la derni ©re note de la symphonie; elle avait d ©tach © ses mains du poste de radio Puis elle  ©tait all ©e faire la vaisselle qui restait de d ©Jeuner. † At this Almery is astounded and somewhat disgusted, showing that he will never accept her for her lack of education and so the elationship between the classes will never be possible. Lain © also demonstrates a distinct difference between the classes by showing Aimerys extreme ambition compared with Pomme’s lack of drive to achieve anything. On one hand, Almery â€Å"serait-il un Jour conservateur en chef d’un grande muse © national† whilst Pomme is content with her basic, mundane life at present, another aspect Almery cannot accept about Pomme. Hence through the failure of their relationship Lain © demonstrates the social confinements for uneducated, lower class women. In summary, Pascal Lain ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"La Dentelli ©re† effectively portrays the role that uneducated women play in society and in turn societys social standings. Lain © managed to successfully exhibit, through the use of Pomme, her mother, Maryl ©ne and Pomme’s relationship with Almery, that the uneducated women of society tend to be of a lower social status and highlights the vicious circle that keeps these women from climbing the social ladder due to their sufficient lack of education – oppressing them, keeping them at societys base level. 728 words